Large-scale [[Brain Networks|brain network]] that detects behaviorally relevant stimuli and facilitates switching between the [[Default Mode Network (DMN)]] and [[Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN)]]. It plays a critical role in attention, motivation, and emotional processing. - Core Functions - Detection of salient or unexpected stimuli - Switching between internally-focused ([[Default Mode Network (DMN)|DMN]]) and externally-focused ([[Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN)|FPCN]]) states - Integration of emotional and cognitive information - Motivation and [[goal-directed behavior]] - Key Regions - Anterior insula - interoceptive awareness and emotional salience - Dorsal [[anterior cingulate cortex]] - conflict monitoring and error detection - Clinical Relevance - [[Depression]] - altered salience processing and network dysregulation - [[Anxiety Disorders]] - heightened reactivity to threat cues - [[Trauma]] - heightened threat sensitivity - Psychosis - aberrant salience attribution - Network Interactions - [[Default Mode Network (DMN)]] - switches off during externally-focused tasks - [[Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN)]] - coordinates cognitive control - [[Ventral Attention Network (VAN)]] - bottom-up attention to salient stimuli - Related Topics - [[Attention]] - selective focus on relevant information - [[Decision-Making]] - evaluating options and outcomes - [[Brain Networks]] - broader context of large-scale brain organization