Cognitive process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information. Memory underlies learning, knowledge acquisition, and shapes [[perception]] and behavior. - Types of Memory - [[Working memory]] - temporary storage and manipulation of information - [[Short-term memory]] - brief retention of information (seconds to minutes) - [[Long-term memory]] - extended storage of information (hours to lifetime) - [[Episodic memory]] - personal experiences and events - [[Semantic memory]] - general knowledge and facts - [[Procedural memory]] - skills and habits - Processes - Encoding - transforming sensory input into storable form - Consolidation - stabilizing memory traces over time - Storage - maintaining information in neural systems - Retrieval - accessing stored information - Neural Basis - [[Hippocampus]] - critical for forming new episodic memories - [[Prefrontal Cortex]] - working memory and executive control - Temporal cortex - semantic memory storage - [[Striatum]] - procedural memory and habit formation - Related Topics - [[Attention]] - selective focus influences encoding - [[Knowledge Management]] - external systems for storing and organizing information - [[Computational models]] - formal models of memory processes - Clinical Relevance - [[Amnesia]] - memory loss from brain damage - [[Alzheimer's disease]] - progressive memory decline - [[Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)|PTSD]] - intrusive memories and [[trauma]] - Age-related memory decline