Learned helplessness refers to a state where repeated exposure to uncontrollable stressors leads individuals to believe they cannot influence outcomes. This belief generalizes across contexts and reduces motivation to act. Originally derived from animal research, it now describes a cognitive vulnerability to depression. ## Core Functions - Interpretation of control or lack thereof - Regulation of behavioral engagement ## Key Components - Perceived lack of control - Reduced initiation of coping behaviors ## Systems Interactions - Altered prefrontal–striatal pathways related to agency - Heightened stress-response system activation ## Clinical Relevance - Strongly associated with depressive disorders and passivity - Predicts disengagement and hopelessness ## Related Topics - [[Agency]] - [[Depression]] - [[Cognitive Attribution Models]]