Set of cognitive processes that enable planning, working memory, attention control, inhibition, and flexible thinking. Executive function allows [[goal-directed behavior]] and self-regulation. - Core Components - Working memory - maintaining and manipulating information - Inhibitory control - suppressing inappropriate responses - Cognitive flexibility - switching between tasks or mental sets - Planning - organizing steps to achieve goals - Monitoring - tracking performance and adjusting behavior - Neural Basis - [[Prefrontal Cortex]] - executive control and planning - [[Anterior Cingulate Cortex]] - conflict monitoring - [[Executive Control Network]] - large-scale network supporting executive functions - [[Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN)]] - cognitive control - Development - Emerges in early childhood - Continues developing through adolescence - Declines in aging - Clinical Relevance - [[ADHD]] - executive dysfunction - [[Frontoparietal Control Network (FPCN)]] - network impairments - [[Trauma|Traumatic]] brain injury - executive deficits - [[Dementia]] - progressive executive decline - Related Topics - [[Cognitive Psychology]] - broader cognitive processes - [[Decision-Making]] - choosing among alternatives - [[Attention]] - selective focus