Subjective mental states and feelings that involve physiological arousal, expressive behaviors, and conscious experience. Emotions influence cognition, decision-making, and social behavior. - Basic Emotions - Happiness, sadness, anger, fear, disgust, surprise - Cross-culturally recognized facial expressions - Evolutionary significance for survival and social coordination - Components of Emotion - Physiological arousal - autonomic nervous system activation - Expressive behaviors - facial expressions, body language, vocal tone - Subjective experience - conscious feelings and thoughts - Action tendencies - motivation to approach or avoid - Theories of Emotion - James-Lange - physiological response precedes emotion - Cannon-Bard - physiological and emotional responses occur simultaneously - Schachter-Singer - cognitive appraisal of arousal determines emotion - Appraisal theory - evaluation of situation shapes emotional response - Neural Basis - [[Amygdala]] - emotional processing, especially fear - [[Prefrontal Cortex]] - emotional regulation and appraisal - [[Anterior Cingulate Cortex]] - conflict and emotional integration - [[Limbic System]] - broader emotional circuits - Insula - interoceptive awareness of bodily states - Related Topics - [[Computational models]] - formal models of affective processes - [[Decision-Making]] - emotion influences choices - [[Human Mind]] - broader context of mental processes - [[Cognitive Psychology]] - interaction between emotion and cognition